Biological Systems MCAT Practice Exam

Which type of neuron is classified as an afferent neuron?

1. Motor neuron

2. Sensory neuron

3. Connector neuron

4. Interneuron

The correct answer is: Sensory neuron

Afferent neurons, also known as sensory neurons, are responsible for transmitting sensory information from peripheral organs to the central nervous system (CNS). This information can include a wide array of stimuli, such as touch, temperature, pain, and various sensory modalities, allowing the CNS to process external and internal conditions. In the context of the options provided, sensory neurons specifically carry signals from sensory receptors to the CNS, highlighting their role as the primary pathway for sensory input. This classification is essential in distinguishing them from motor neurons, which transmit signals from the CNS to muscles or glands, facilitating movement or response to stimuli. Connector neurons, often referred to as interneurons, act as intermediaries within the CNS, linking sensory inputs with motor outputs but not serving directly in the role of receiving sensory information. Thus, identifying sensory neurons as afferent underscores their critical function in the nervous system's communication of sensory experiences, which is why this classification is accurate and significant in understanding neural pathways.